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Considering Online PhD Classes? Need Assistance?
Considering Online PhD Classes? Need Assistance?
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Classification criteria for organic chemistry products
The classification criteria for organic chemistry products mainly include carbon skeleton structure and functional groups.
Classified by carbon skeleton:
Chain like compounds: Carbon atoms in molecules are connected to each other in a chain like structure, such as fatty hydrocarbons and their derivatives.
Cyclic compounds: Atoms in the molecule are arranged in a cyclic manner and are divided into aliphatic compounds and aromatic compounds. Acyclic compounds do not contain aromatic rings, such as cyclopropane and cyclohexene; Aromatic compounds contain aromatic rings, such as benzene, its homologues, and derivatives.
Classified by functional groups:
Hydrocarbons: composed of carbon and hydrogen, such as alkanes (hydrocarbons with single bonds, such as ethane), alkenes (hydrocarbons with carbon carbon double bonds, such as ethylene), and alkynes (hydrocarbons with carbon carbon triple bonds, such as acetylene).
Derivatives of hydrocarbons: Compounds in which the hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon molecule is replaced by other atoms or groups, including halogenated hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, nitro compounds, and amines.
Specific examples of classification
Alkanes: such as ethane (CH3 CH3), propane (CH3 CH ₂ CH3).
Alkenes: such as ethylene (C ₂ H ₄) and propylene (C ∝ H ₆).
Alkynes: such as acetylene (C ₂ H ₂) and propyne (C ∝ H ₄).
Aromatic hydrocarbons: such as benzene (C ₆ H ₆) and toluene.
Halogenated hydrocarbons: such as chloroform (CHCl3), bromoethane (C ₂ H ₅ Br).
Alcohols: such as ethanol (C ₂ H ₅ OH) and propanol (C ∝ H ₇ OH).
Phenols: such as phenol (C ₆ H ₅ OH).
Ethers: such as dimethyl ether (C ₂ H ₆ O) and ether (C ₄ H ₁ O).
Aldehydes: such as formaldehyde (HCHO), acetaldehyde (C ₂ H ₄ O).
Carboxylic acids: such as acetic acid (CH3 COOH), propionic acid (CH3 H ₆ O ₂).
Esters: such as ethyl acetate (C ₄ H ₈ O ₂), propyl propionate (C ₆ H ₁ O ₄).